.gitignore
| Введение | |
| Синтаксис | |
| Примеры | |
| Другие статьи про Git |
Введение
Часто бывает нежелательным отслеживать все изменения до единого.
Если Вы хотите
сфокусироваться на основном коде, можно создать файл
.gitignore
и добавить туда
расширения файлов, которые Вы не будете добавлять в репозиторий.
Пример файла
.gitignore
в котором мы указываету git не следить за ошибками, логами
директорией .tmp и модулями
nodejs
# Ignoring:
*.err
*.log
node_modules/
.tmp/
Синтаксис
Примеры
| Паттерн | Пример | Пояснения |
|---|---|---|
| **/logs |
logs/debug.log
logs/monday/foo.bar build/logs/debug.log | You can prepend a pattern with a double asterisk to match directories anywhere in the repository. |
| **/logs/debug.log |
logs/debug.log
build/logs/debug.log но не logs/build/debug.log | You can also use a double asterisk to match files based on their name and the name of their parent directory. |
| *.log | debug.log
foo.log .log logs/debug.log | An asterisk is a wildcard that matches zero or more characters. |
|
*.log
!important.log | debug.log
trace.log но не important.log logs/important.log | Prepending an exclamation mark to a pattern negates it. If a file matches a pattern, but also matches a negating pattern defined later in the file, it will not be ignored. |
|
*.log !important/*.log trace.* |
debug.log
important/trace.log но не important/debug.log | Patterns defined after a negating pattern will re-ignore any previously negated files. |
| /debug.log |
debug.log
но не logs/debug.log | Prepending a slash matches files only in the repository root. |
| debug.log |
debug.log
logs/debug.log | By default, patterns match files in any directory |
| debug?.log |
debug0.log
debugg.log но не debug10.log | A question mark matches exactly one character. |
| debug[0-9].log |
debug0.log
debug1.log но не debug10.log | Square brackets can also be used to match a single character from a specified range. |
| debug[01].log |
debug0.log
debug1.log но не debug2.log debug01.log | Square brackets match a single character form the specified set. |
| debug[!01].log |
debug2.log
но не debug0.log debug1.log debug01.log | An exclamation mark can be used to match any character except one from the specified set. |
| debug[a-z].log |
debuga.log
debugb.log
но не debug1.log | Ranges can be numeric or alphabetic. |
| logs |
logs
logs/debug.log logs/latest/foo.bar build/logs build/logs/debug.log | If you don't append a slash, the pattern will match both files and the contents of directories with that name. In the example matches on the left, both directories and files named logs are ignored |
| logs/ |
logs/debug.log
logs/latest/foo.bar build/logs/foo.bar build/logs/latest/debug.log | Appending a slash indicates the pattern is a directory. The entire contents of any directory in the repository matching that name – including all of its files and subdirectories – will be ignored |
| logs/ |
!logs/important.log
logs/debug.log logs/important.log |
Wait a minute! Shouldn't logs/important.log be negated in the example on the left
Nope! Due to a performance-related quirk in Git, you can not negate a file that is ignored due to a pattern matching a directory |
| logs/**/debug.log |
logs/debug.log
logs/monday/debug.log logs/monday/pm/debug.log | A double asterisk matches zero or more directories. |
| logs/*day/debug.log |
logs/monday/debug.log
logs/tuesday/debug.log но не logs/latest/debug.log | Wildcards can be used in directory names as well. |
| logs/debug.log |
logs/debug.log
но не debug.log build/logs/debug.log | Patterns specifying a file in a particular directory are relative to the repository root. (You can prepend a slash if you like, but it doesn't do anything special.) |
Примеры
Пример
.gitignore
файла для
Python
проектов, который поддерживатеся сервисом
GitHub
:
Python.gitignore
| Git | |
| Установка | |
| Основы | |
| branch: Ветки | |
| Перейти с HTTPS на SSH | |
| .gitignore | |
| Необходимые Bash команды | |
| Remote | |
| GitHub | |
| GitLab | |
| Ошибки | |
| Git Bash | |
| Работа с API GitHub |
